What Is a Fungal Nail Infection? A fungal nail infection affects the nail plate and, while not usually harmful to overall health, it can be unsightly and persistent. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other toenails or even reach the nail matrix which is the root of the nail responsible for growth.
Once the fungus penetrates the nail matrix, it may cause permanent damage, leading to nail deformities or thickened, discoloured nails that no longer grow normally.
Because fungal infections are contagious, having one in the household increases the risk for family members or others sharing the same space to become infected especially when towels, shoes or bathrooms are shared.
Early treatment is key to preventing spread and long-term damage.
What Are Fungal Nails?
Fungal nails also known as onychomycosis are caused by a fungal infection rather than bacteria. This condition can lead to nails that become thickened, brittle, crumbly, and discoloured. Several types of fungi can be responsible for the infection.
Fungi thrive in warm, moist, and dark environments, making closed footwear an ideal place for them to grow. The big toenail is most commonly affected, as it is often subjected to trauma or pressure, creating an entry point for the fungus to invade the nail.
What Causes Fungal Nail Infections?
Fungal nail infections usually develop when fungi invade the nail through small cracks or gaps in the nail or surrounding skin. Once inside, they begin to grow and spread due to the dermatophytes ability to take nutrients from keratin. Keratin is a protein found in the skin and nail.
There are two types of fungi responsible for fungal nails:
- Yeast
- Dermatophytes
It is important that these two are distinguished from one another, as the treatment is different for the yeast and dermatophyte infections
Who gets fungal nails?
Anyone can contract a fungal nail infection. However, some people are more at risk of fungal nails than others, and these include the following groups
- Older people (over 55)
- People with diabetes (twice as common)
- Those with sweaty feet
- Athletes and people who frequent gyms and swimming pools
- Living with someone who has a fungal nail
- History of athlete’s foot
- Nail that has been damaged
- Psoriasis
- Weakened immune system
- Peripheral vascular disease (poor circulation)
- Ladies that love using nail extensions like acrylic, stick-on etc
What are the signs and symptoms of fungal nails?
Fungal nail infections often develop slowly, which makes them easy to overlook in the early stages. However, recognizing the signs early can prevent the infection from spreading or causing permanent nail damage.
Here is what to watch for:
- Discolouration
One of the first signs is a change in nail colour. The nail may turn;
- Yellow
- Brown
- White
- Or develop dark streaks under the nail
- Thickened Nails
The infected nail often becomes noticeably thicker than your other nails, making it difficult to trim and uncomfortable in shoes.
- Brittle or Crumbly Edges
Fungal nails often become dry, brittle, and crumbly, breaking or splitting easily at the edges.
- Nail Lifting
As the infection progresses, the nail may become lifted and separated from the nail bed. (a condition known as onycholysis). It can sometimes cause pain or pressure when wearing shoes.
- Build-up Under the Nail
A white or yellowish debris may accumulate under the nail, creating further pressure and discomfort.
- Foul Odour
In more advanced cases, fungal nails may give off a mild but unpleasant smell, especially if moisture gets trapped under the nail.
- Pain or Discomfort
Although fungal infections are not always painful at first, they can lead to soreness, inflammation or discomfort when walking if left untreated.
How Are Fungal Nails Diagnosed?
A fungal nail infection is typically diagnosed through a clinical assessment by your podiatrist or doctor, who will examine the appearance of your nails and surrounding skin. In most cases, the visual signs and symptoms are enough to confirm the condition.
However, in some situation especially if the diagnosis is unclear or if the infection has not responded to previous treatment, a sample of the affected nail may be taken and sent to a laboratory for further analysis to confirm the type of fungus and guide appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options for Fungal Nail Infections
At Flawless Esthetics Clinic, we offer a range of evidence-based treatment options tailored to the severity of the infection and the individual needs of each patient. Some of the treatment options includes;
- Nail Debridement
- Topical Antifungal Treatments
- Oral Antifungal Medication
- Nail Surgery
- Advice and education
- Referral if necessary
Whether you have been dealing with fungal nails for months or you have just noticed early signs, our team is here to help you feel confident in your feet again.
